The semiconductor industry is made up of companies that design and manufacture semiconductors and semiconductor devices like integrated circuits. It was founded around 1960, when semiconductor device manufacture became a viable enterprise. Since then, the industry's yearly semiconductor sales revenue has risen to more over $481 billion in 2018. The semiconductor industry, in turn, drives the wider electronics industry, with annual power electronics sales of £135 billion ($216 billion) in 2011, annual consumer electronics sales of $2.9 trillion by 2020, tech industry sales of $5 trillion in 2019, and e-commerce sales of over $29 trillion in 2017. The MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) was designed by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959 and is the most frequently used semiconductor device. Since the 1960s, MOSFET scaling and shrinking has been the fundamental driver of semiconductor technology's remarkable exponential ...
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